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- Up one level
- Default mode network activation and Transcendental Meditation practice: Focused Attention or Automatic Self-transcending?
Frederick Travis and Niyazi Parim. Brain and Cognition 2017(Feb);111:86-94 "... it does not seem accurate to include TM practice with meditations in the catgory of Focused Attention, which are characterized by gamma EEG and DMN deactivation. Mixing meditations with different procedures into a single study confounds exploration of meditation effects and confounds application of meditation practices to different subject populations."
- Effects of the transcendental meditation program on adaptive mechanisms: Changes in hormone levels and responses to stress after 4 months of practice
Effects of the transcendental meditation program on adaptive mechanisms: Changes in hormone levels and responses to stress after 4 months of practice Christopher R.K. MacLean, Kenneth G. Walton, Stig R. Wenneberg, Debra K. Levitsky, Joseph P. Mandarino, Rafiq Waziri, Stephen L. Hillis, Robert H. Schneider Psychoneuroendocrinology. May 1997;22(4):277–295
- Fred Travis, et al. Effects of Transcendental Meditation practice on brain functioning and stress reactivity in college students
Fred Travis, David A.F. Haaga, John Hagelin, et al. Effects of Transcendental Meditation practice on brain functioning and stress reactivity in college students. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2009 (Feb);71(2):170–176.
- Fred Travis, et al. Effects of Transcendental Meditation practice on brain functioning and stress reactivity in college students - Video (2:20)
Fred Travis discusses the findings in Fred Travis, David A.F. Haaga, John Hagelin, et al. Effects of Transcendental Meditation practice on brain functioning and stress reactivity in college students. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2009 (Feb);71(2):170–176.
- Fred Travis - Brain Plasticity and Transcendental Meditation with Dr. Fred Travis (15 min)
Demonstration of EEG during TM practice
- Fred Travis website
Dr. Fred Travis is a neuroscientist at Maharishi University of Management who has conducted extensive research on TM and related practices.
- New study highlights unique state of 'restful alertness' during Transcendental Meditation
"fMRI during Transcendental Meditation practice". Michelle C. Mahone, Fred Travis, Richard Gevirtz, David Hubbard Brain and Cognition 123 (2018) 30-33. March 22, 2018. Functional magnetic resonance imagining (fMRI) patterns of 16 subjects during their practice of Transcendental Meditation found that, like meditations that involve focused attention or open monitoring, there was increased activity in the areas of the prefrontal cortex related to attention - indicating alertness. However, unlike other meditations, during Transcendental Meditation there was also decreased activity in the areas related to arousal - indicating deep rest.
- The cumulative effects of Transcendental Meditation on cognitive function - a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
The cumulative effects of Transcendental Meditation on cognitive function - a systematic review of randomised controlled trials Peter H. Canter and Edzard Ernst Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 2003;115(21-22):758-766
- Three randomized experiments on the longitudinal effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique on cognition
Three randomized experiments on the longitudinal effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique on cognition
Kam-Tim So, David W Orme-Johnson
Intelligence 2001(September–October);29(5):419–440
- TM.org - New research looks at brain integration in top athletes and in long-time meditators
New research looks at brain integration in top athletes and in long-time meditators TM.org, "Peak performers have significantly higher degrees of brain and psychological development than the average population, according to a new study of brain functioning and measures of psychological development." Scientific article at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01007.x/abstract
- Transcendental experiences during meditation practice
Transcendental experiences during meditation practice Frederick Travis Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Volume 1307, Advances in Meditation Research: Neuroscience and Clinical Applications, pages 1–8, January 2014
- Transcending and higher states of consciousness
- Transcending as a driver of development
Frederick Travis, Frederick. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2016(June);1373(1):72-77. This paper draws from three different bodies of research to discuss the hypothesis that age-appropriate experiences enhance brain and cognitive development throughout the life span. These age-appropriate experiences could be considered as the drivers of development at each age, including drivers to foster development beyond adult abstract thinking, as described in Piaget's formal operational stage. We explore how a nurturing caregiver is the driver in the first 2 years of life, how language learning is the driver from 3 to 10 years, and how problem solving is the driver in the teenage years. To develop beyond adult rational thinking, we suggest that the driver is transcending thought, which can result when practicing meditations in the automatic self-transcending category, such as Transcendental Meditation.